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Monarchs and Marigolds in Día de Muertos Celebrations


By Angie Fuentes
The Gardens on Spring Creek Community Engagement Assistant 

Monarchs

Each year, right around Día de Muertos, millions of monarch butterflies arrive like clockwork to the misty mountains of central Mexico. Their appearance during this sacred time holds deep meaning for the communities of Michoacán and the State of Mexico, where the butterflies are seen as the returning souls of ancestors visiting the living.

For generations, the Purépecha and Mazahua peoples, two Indigenous groups native to this region, have watched the skies fill with these migrating monarchs, their wings shimmering like a flowing river of orange and gold across the Sierra Madre hills. The butterflies’ arrival has been carefully observed since pre-Hispanic times, marking a spiritual moment when nature and the human spirit move in harmony.

According to oral traditions, the spirits of the departed return on the butterflies’ delicate wings, joining their loved ones during Día de Muertos to celebrate life’s continuity. In the Purépecha language, the butterfly is called Parákata, symbolizing the eternal connection between the living and those who came before.

Today, the guardians of the monarchs and their forest sanctuaries are the Indigenous and communal farming communities, primarily the Mazahua and Purépecha peoples, who live in and around the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve. Much of this forest is collectively owned and managed by ejidos, or communal farms. These communities work as local guides and forest rangers (guardabosques), caring for the land, protecting the monarchs’ overwintering sites, and preserving the sacred balance between people, nature, and spirit.

The return of the monarchs is more than a migration, it is a living tradition, a reminder that love, memory, and the natural world are forever intertwined.


Marigolds

A cherished and radiant symbol on every ofrenda and gravesite during Día de Muertos is the Cempasúchil (Marigold). The Aztecs believe its radiant color and earthy scent help souls return to celebrate life alongside us.

The name Cempasúchil comes from the Nahuatl word Cempohualxochitl, meaning “flower of twenty petals” or “many petals.” Blooming after the rainy season across the hills of Mexico’s Central Valley, this golden flower brightens the landscape from late September through November, just in time for Día de Muertos.

There are about 35 species of Cempasúchil in Mexico, all part of the marigold family (Tagetes erecta). Known for their tall stems (up to three feet), vibrant orange and yellow hues, and a distinct scent that comes from their leaves and stems, these flowers are long-lasting and full of seeds.

In Mexico, you won’t find true Cempasúchil in pots, they’re sold in beautiful, freshly cut bunches, gathered directly from the fields. 

Monarcas

Cada año, alrededor del Día de Muertos, millones de mariposas monarca llegan, como si siguieran un reloj natural, a las montañas cubiertas de niebla del centro de México. Su aparición durante esta época sagrada tiene un profundo significado para las comunidades de Michoacán y el Estado de México, donde las mariposas son vistas como las almas de los antepasados que regresan a visitar a los vivos.

Desde hace generaciones, los pueblos Purépecha y Mazahua, dos comunidades indígenas originarias de esta región, observan cómo el cielo se llena de mariposas migratorias, con alas que brillan como un río de tonos anaranjados y dorados sobre las colinas de la Sierra Madre. Su llegada, registrada desde tiempos prehispánicos, marca un momento espiritual en el que la naturaleza y el espíritu humano se entrelazan en armonía.

De acuerdo con las tradiciones orales, los espíritus de los difuntos regresan sobre las delicadas alas de las mariposas, uniéndose a sus seres queridos durante el Día de Muertos para celebrar la continuidad de la vida. En la lengua Purépecha, la mariposa se llama Parákata, símbolo del lazo eterno entre los vivos y quienes nos precedieron.

Hoy en día, los guardianes de las mariposas y de los bosques que las albergan son las comunidades indígenas y campesinas, principalmente los pueblos Mazahua y Purépecha, que habitan dentro y alrededor de la Reserva de la Biosfera de la Mariposa Monarca. Gran parte de este bosque es propiedad colectiva y está manejado por comunidades agrarias conocidas como ejidos. Estas comunidades trabajan como guías locales y guardabosques, dedicando su vida al cuidado del territorio, la protección de los santuarios de hibernación y la preservación del equilibrio sagrado entre las personas, la naturaleza y el espíritu.

El regreso de las mariposas no es solo una migración: es una tradición viva que nos recuerda que el amor, la memoria y la naturaleza permanecen siempre entrelazados.

Cempasúchil

Un símbolo querido y resplandeciente en cada ofrenda y tumba durante el Día de Muertos es la Cempasúchil. Los aztecas creen que su color radiante y su aroma terroso ayudan a las almas a regresar para celebrar la vida junto a nosotros.

El nombre Cempasúchil proviene de la palabra náhuatl Cempohualxochitl, que significa “flor de veinte pétalos” o “flor de muchos pétalos.” Florece después de la temporada de lluvias, cubriendo los cerros del Valle Central de México con su tono dorado entre finales de septiembre y noviembre, justo a tiempo para el Día de Muertos.

En México existen alrededor de 35 especies de Cempasúchil, pertenecientes a la familia de las caléndulas (Tagetes erecta). Se distinguen por sus tallos altos (de hasta un metro), sus vibrantes tonos entre naranja y amarillo, y su aroma característico que proviene de las hojas y tallos, no de los pétalos. Son flores duraderas y llenas de semillas.

En los mercados de México, la verdadera Cempasúchil no se vende en macetas, sino en hermosos ramos frescos, cortados directamente del campo.

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